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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica, are grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter taste profile and are often utilized in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavors. The taste and aroma components of a coffee can vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and processing methods employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats became energy-rich after eating these berries, and that the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and flourish in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending can be used to control the flavour, aroma and body of the coffee and is typically preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of online coffee beans bean grown in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

While it may sound counterintuitive, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee, it's likely that there's a bit of robusta too.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and maintain the quality. To preserve the quality of the flavor, it's important to choose a high-quality beans from a source you are confident in. This can be achieved by purchasing the beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other varieties of coffee beans delivery beans. They have a unique aroma that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are often added to other coffee bean varieties to provide a more intense, fuller flavor.

Liberica gourmet coffee beans beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. You can purchase the seeds from various sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure the highest quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered a distinct species, but has been re-classified as a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans with an oval shape grow on large coffee plants that can reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique taste is both sweet and tart, making them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They are also less heavy on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have an unusual taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta although they're fourth popular. In fact, they were considered distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped like teardrops and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're often used in blends to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most expensive coffee beans sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at higher altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. When roasted and brewed properly they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, but they have twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

After learning about the four most common types and their characteristics, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors opt for an arabica or a blend comprised of robusta and arabica beans.