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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast you're likely to know that different varieties of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica strong coffee beans beans account for 75% of global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavors. The flavor and aroma of coffee are influenced by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" comes from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized after eating fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethically sourced arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that can be used in various methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is typically preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee beans sale bean grown across the globe. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acid, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the process of brewing strong coffee beans and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, and can grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee bean shop per plant than arabica, which makes it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

Although it might seem odd Robusta beans are frequently mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely there's some Robusta in there as well.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and maintain the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to select a top-quality beans from a source you can trust. The best method to do this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with smokey undertones. They are often added to other coffee bean types to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal to grow at home. It is possible to purchase the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it's recommended to purchase from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a more subtle scent and a lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's Coffee Beans Types production. The beans have a distinctive teardrop-shaped shape and possess an eerie, dark taste. These beans are often utilized to give blends extra body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter flavor. They grow best at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are rounder and smaller, yet contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy and woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans you can now choose the perfect cup. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor, choose an arabica bean or a blend made up of arabica beans and robusta beans.