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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different kinds of beans can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of beans to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world accounting for 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavours. The aroma and taste of coffee is affected by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" actually originates from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were invigorated by eating the fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can flourish at high altitudes and flourish with cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee beans coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees that can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor as well as body and acidity of the coffee and is typically preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are frequently combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's possible there's also some robusta.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and ensure the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity, you should choose the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best way to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean types. They have an aroma that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are often added to other bean varieties to add an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal to grow at home. You can find the seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, but it's best to buy from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee beans in bulk include fertile deep volcano soils that have a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a separate species but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans types (psy.gwangju.Ac.kr) beans are grown on large coffee plants, which can grow to 20-30 feet in height at medium altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both fruity and tart and has made them a sought-after choice in house blends. They have a milder scent and a lower caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually thought to be a different coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of light roast coffee beans. The coffee beans are shaped as teardrops and possess a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are renowned for having a the most delicious taste. They thrive best at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world, and accounts for about 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. These beans are rounder and smaller, but they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have earthy and woody overtones.

After learning about the four most popular types and their characteristics, it's time to select your favorite brew. If you want a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.