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car seats by age (research by the staff of Thingworx)

Each car seat is specifically designed to be suitable for a particular age group. Children should be in their car seat until they reach the limit of the manufacturer's weight or height. Then, they are able to use a booster until their vehicle belts fit correctly, usually when they are between 10 and 12 years old or 4 feet 9 inches tall.

When you are searching for a new seat, look for features such as fabric that resists stains and pieces that are removable that are machine washable. Hardware that is easy to clean is also considered.

Rear-facing

Rear-facing car seat cradles babies and toddlers protecting their necks and spines from a crash. They are also safer, as they spread the force of impact across a wider area. This reduces the risk of the chance of injury to the spinal cord.

Parents are often tempted by the thought of bringing their children to a forward-facing seat before they're ready. However the American Academy of Pediatrics advises that you keep them rear-facing for as long as you can. That means moving them to a forward-facing seat only when they've reached their maximum weight or height limit of their current car seat, as specified by the manufacturer.

The heads of children are huge relative to their bodies and still developing, making them more vulnerable to crash. A child's head can generate up to 25 times the weight of their body in a collision which is more than enough force to cause a fatal injury. This is why children who ride in a car seat with their backs forward are at the greatest chance of suffering fatal head injuries.

Many parents believe that their children have larger necks and are able to make the transition to a car seat that faces forward sooner. However, it's important to realize that a baby who is 95th percentile isn't any stronger than the 5th percentile child, and no amount of teen push-ups can alter that. In the event of a car crash, the head of a larger child is likely to hit with much more force, which could cause spinal cord and brain injuries.

When your child outgrows their infant car seat, you can change to a convertible car seat that lets them stay facing the rear until they reach the maximum weight or height limit. Generally, children will attain their maximum height first and therefore it is important to pay close attention to the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your car seat on when to switch to forward-facing mode.

When your child is at the weight capacity of their convertible car seat or maximum height, you will require them to be moved to a booster. Most booster seats have an inbuilt angle indicator that will inform you when the seat is properly installed and ready to flip into forward-facing mode. You should only use a booster seat in the back seat of your vehicle and always with a lap belt (never a shoulder belt) to ensure the best car seat infant protection for your child in the event of a crash.

Forward-facing

Parents are often tempted to turn their child's car seat around as they grow older, as it's more convenient. They must remember, however that rear-facing is a safer option for children.

The fact that a child is facing forward in the car seat puts their necks in danger in a crash, because the head could be thrown back by force against the seat's front and cause permanent damage to the spine. Even if a child's neck muscles are strong enough, it is still possible to suffer whiplash. This is particularly true for younger children, such as infants.

A forward-facing child is also more likely to land their head against the dashboard or on the window during the course of a crash. Depending on the nature of the crash and the speed at which the car is traveling, the head can be forced backwards against the seat and break the skull or the spinal cord.

The current safety guidelines require children to remain rear-facing until both they reach 20 lbs and 1 year old. This is due to the fact that younger children do not have the strength of their necks to withstand the force in a head-on collision which is the most severe type of accident in which automobiles are involved.

Using a harness and tether when rear-facing helps ensure that the child's head is stable and reduces the strain on their necks. A child who is rear-facing will also be less likely to suffer head injuries as the impact will be cushioned by their seat.

If you have a child less than one year old and is in a convertible seat or an all-in-one that can be turned from facing forward to rear at any time, read the instructions given by the manufacturer to determine when it's safe to face forward. The guidelines will explain whether or not you should use a tether as well as the weight and height limitations for the seat.

Once your child has reached the maximum height or weight allowed by the car seat manufacturer, they are able to travel in a forward-facing car seat for newborn seat with a tether. Once they've outgrown it, the time is now to move on to a booster.

Seat booster

There is no age or height limit that children are able to safely stop using booster seats. The booster seat is to be used until the child's vehicle belt fits properly. This could occur anytime between 8 and 13 years old.

A booster can increase the height of a child, so that they can sit upright in cars. The shoulder portion of a belt must be placed so that it is close to the chest, but not directly above. The lap part of the belt should rest across the thighs, not over the stomach. Booster seats include a belt guide to ensure that the belt is placed correctly.

Booster seats are available with or without backrests. The most common booster seat is the high-back type, which provides neck and head support for children. This is a good option for vehicles with low backs and no headrests. Backless boosters are more affordable however they do not provide head or neck support. Some all-in-one boosters allow users to switch between harness and booster modes, making them suitable for children in harness mode up to 65 pounds. They can also be used as a booster seat for about 100 pounds.

Some boosters come with a lower anchors (LATCH) system that hooks onto the vehicle's lower anchors and a tether in the event that one is available. Certain boosters require a seat belt to hold them in place. Check your vehicle's manual to determine if you're able to use the lower anchors inside your vehicle, and then read the booster seat instructions to learn how to utilize them.

Parents may be enticed to let their 3-year old 30 pounds child go straight to a booster seat since they're getting too tall for a car seat. But rushing to "graduate" your child from the harness is risky. If the belt is too loose children could be seriously injured or even killed in a collision.

Back seat

All children should ride in the back of a car as long as they can, using a child safety seat or booster seat that's been properly installed. Children who are too large for a rear facing car seat, or who have exceeded the weight and height limits, should switch to a forward-facing child restraint that has a harness until they attain the maximum height for this type of seat.

When your baby is outgrowing the infant car seat, you can switch them to a convertible car seat or all-in-one car seat with the option of rear-facing. These seats are usually good for two years or until the child reaches the maximum weight and height of the seat. If you own a car with a middle-seat, install the car safety seat so that it can be secured tightly to this spot using the lower anchor system or seat belt.

When your child outgrows their rear-facing car seat, they can be placed in a front-facing child restraint equipped with a harness and tether. Typically, these seats can be used until 57 inches in height or until your child outgrows the height and weight recommendations of the seat. You can find out how tall and heavy the car seat is by studying the directions of the manufacturer or by examining the tag that is attached to it.

All older children should be in the booster seat or on a lap belt in the vehicle, if possible. If not you can use a back seat restraint in the middle of the back seat. Additionally you should not place them in the front seat when there's an active air bag. Sitting children in the front seat could increase their chances of being injured during a crash, because the impact forces are stronger on their smaller bodies.

You can take your child to an inspection station or a car seat clinic for assistance in selecting and installing the best infant seat child safety seat. You can also find out if your child's seat has been recalled due to safety issues or defects. Then, you can buy one that's compatible with your car and your child's size. If you're not able to try a seat before buying, make sure it has a return policy.