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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover, you likely already know that different types of beans produce varying flavor profiles. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to coffee bean shop blends to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee with 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and processing techniques used to make it.

The word "coffee beans online" originates from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized by eating these fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of flourishing when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the reasons that Arabica is considered to be the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on using ethically-sourced arabica beans by focusing on fair compensation for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body as well as the acidity of the coffee. It is frequently preferred to create a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and can be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a cheaper crop to grow.

Although it might appear counterintuitive it's true that Robusta beans are often combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely there's some Robusta in there too.

Although some roasters only use arabica beans, most do blend the two varieties to reduce costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to choose a high-quality bean from a supplier you can trust. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it is best to purchase the beans from local producers to guarantee quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once thought to be a separate species, but has been re-classified as a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20-30 foot coffee plants at medium altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both tart and fruity that has made them a preferred option in blends made by home. They are also less pronounced in the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have a distinct taste.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These coffee beans bristol beans are shaped like a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They are frequently used to give blends more body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee worldwide, and makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed around the world. These beans are smaller and more round, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody taste.

After you've learned about the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you're looking for a silky soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.