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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a natural mineral that comes in long, thin fibres. Workers who are exposed to asbestos on a regular basis risk developing mesothelioma and other lung diseases of different types.

Symptoms of these diseases may not manifest for years after exposure to asbestos. Different asbestos types may cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops in the outer lung the lining (pleura). It is the most common mesothelioma type and accounts for 70% to 79% all diagnosed cases. Patients with this disease suffer from chest pain and breathlessness and may experience the sensation of weight in the chest.

This type of cancer is usually caused by exposure to asbestos which is a grouping of minerals composed of microscopic fibers. Once inhaled, the fibers are absorbed into the lung and cause irritation which results in scarring and DNA mutations. Pleura covers both the chest cavity as well as the lungs, and so irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms are usually not apparent until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

Chest pain and shortness breath are the most common symptoms. Some patients also experience coughing, difficulty breathing or chest tightness. Patients with this type of cancer have a history that includes asbestos exposure at work. Construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding are among the most common jobs that put people at high risk of developing pleural mesothelioma. Individuals who have served in the military are at a higher risk due to the frequent use of asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers for the Army.

The TNM (tumors lymph nodes, tumors, and metastases staging system) is the most popular staging system for the pleural cancer. The stage the patient is in at the time of diagnosis will help determine what treatment plan they will receive. For instance, patients who have mesothelioma that is pleural in stage three or four have a worse prognosis than patients with a lower stage. Stage four mesothelioma often spreads to the diaphragm, the liver and/or a person's heart. This can make the cancer more difficult to treat and increase the risk of complications for patients.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Unlike pleural cancer, which forms in the lining of the lung the peritoneal cancer is a result of a membrane that covers the abdominal cavity, which includes organs such as the liver and intestines. Similar to pleural mesothelioma mesothelioma is triggered by asbestos exposure. Only 300-500 cases are diagnosed annually, which is less than the pleural asbestosis.

Like pleural mesothelioma, the symptoms may take years to appear. Typically, patients experience abdominal pain and an abdominal mass. This type of mesothelioma may cause nausea, weight loss and fever. Many of these symptoms could be misinterpreted as gastrointestinal issues, leading to a mistaken diagnosis.

The doctors can detect mesothelioma through looking over the medical history of the patient and performing a physical exam. Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans are a way to identify mesothelioma. These tests can reveal tumors and other signs of cancer which aren't visible on X-rays.

The results of these tests allow doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and determine the stage. They can also suggest treatments. The stage is determined by the type of cell as well as whether the cancer has spread.

The most important mesothelioma-related risk factor is asbestos exposure. People who have been in occupations that involve asbestos, like plumbing electrical work, manufacturing or construction, are at greater risk of developing the disease. Even if someone does not work in one of these areas they could still be exposed through family members and other sources. Therefore, anyone who suspects they may be at risk should speak to an expert. If they have any history of exposure to asbestos, a mesothelioma specialist can assist them in learning more about their risk.

Risk Factors

asbestos case is the main risk factor for mesothelioma. It accounts for as much as 80% of all cases. Exposure to asbestos can happen due to military service, work, or living with someone who used to work with asbestos. When exposed to asbestos, the particles are able to be inhaled into abdomen and lungs. These particles irritate the linings of the abdomen, which causes cancerous cells to form in the mesothelium. Following exposure to asbestos mesothelioma is likely to be diagnosed between 15 and 60 years.

Other risk factors include genetics, smoking and age. People in their 40s and 50s are more at risk of developing mesothelioma compared to people who are younger or more. This is because mesothelioma typically lasts between 20 and 60 years from the first time of exposure before symptoms of cancer begin to manifest. It is important to note that mesothelioma can be present in those who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having worked with it directly. This is referred to as indirect or secondary exposure to asbestos case. It can be just as dangerous as direct exposure.

Smoking can increase the likelihood of getting mesothelioma because it damages the mesothelium and makes it more susceptible to asbestos. Mesothelioma can also be caused by certain illnesses, including asbestosis and pneumonia. Men are more likely to develop mesothelioma than women. This is due to the fact that men are more likely to work with asbestos case and have more exposure than women. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who worked with asbestos lawyer, and to have asbestos legal (on the main page)-containing fibers on their clothing. Women tend to have less exposure to asbestos and don't typically carry asbestos on their clothing.

Diagnosis

Mesothelioma is a difficult disease to diagnose because the symptoms are often similar to other conditions. This can lead to victims being incorrectly diagnosed.

The first step in diagnosing mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform a physical exam and take down a patient's medical history, including asbestos exposure. Doctors will also recommend an CT scan or chest X-ray to check for lumps, abnormalities, and evidence of exposure to asbestos. These include pleural plaques, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.

Other diagnostic tests include an echocardiogram which examines the heart and blood vessels, and a magnetic resonance imaging, also known as MRI test, which uses radio waves and magnets to create detailed images of the inside of the body. A surgical biopsy is a different way for doctors to diagnose mesothelioma. In a surgical biopsy doctors take a tiny piece of tissue from pleura or the peritoneum to be examined further. A pathologist can then examine the tissue under an magnifying glass to determine whether it contains cancerous cell.

The type of mesothelial cell involved, the malignant or benign nature of the cells and the location and stage of the tumour, are used to categorize the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma may be more likely to spread or metastasize which is why it is crucial to have a clear diagnosis so doctors can treat the disease before it becomes out of control.

Doctors may also conduct tests in the laboratory on tumors to determine specific proteins, genes or other factors that can help them describe the characteristics of cancer and plan treatment. These results are referred to as staging.

Treatment

A diagnosis of mesothelioma may be terrifying. However, it is important to remember that the disease can be treated, particularly in its earlier stages. A lot of people suffering from mesothelioma live with the disease for a long time, without expanding.

Exposure to asbestos can trigger mesothelioma via a variety of mechanisms. Asbestos fibers, which are tiny enough to be felt or viewed through the naked eye can be airborne and irritate the lining of the lung (pleura). Over time, the irritation causes the formation of scar tissue, which causes changes in the structure of cells that can eventually grow into tumors.

The pleura covers the heart and lungs and the abdomen. Mesothelium is composed of cells that react to exposure to asbestos, causing it to inflame and develop scar tissue. In time, these changes can cause the development of malignant mesothelioma tumors.

Breathing problems, chest pain or fluid accumulation on the lungs are all signs of pleural Msothelioma. In rare cases cancer can spread to the tissues that surround the reproductive organs and heart.

A doctor will order biopsy if imaging scans reveal a possible lung tumor or stomach. In the course of the procedure, doctors remove some of the liquid or tumor for tests in the laboratory. The results can confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and determine the best treatment option.

There are a variety of treatment for mesothelioma including chemotherapy and surgery. The majority of doctors employ combinations of these treatments. Participating in clinical trials of new mesothelioma treatment may also be beneficial for patients. Patients can learn more about the trials by consulting a mesothelioma expert who has treated mesothelioma.