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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos, a mineral that occurs naturally in the form of thin, long fibers. Workers who are exposed to asbestos on a regular basis risk developing mesothelioma and other types of lung diseases.

The symptoms of these diseases may not manifest for years after exposure to asbestos. Different asbestos types can cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops in the outer lung liner (pleura). It is the most frequent mesothelioma type, accounting for up between 70 and 79% of diagnosed cases. Patients suffering from this condition feel chest pain and shortness of breath and may also feel the sensation of weight in the chest.

This type of cancer often caused through exposure to asbestos, which is a grouping of minerals comprised of microscopic fibres. The fibers, when inhaled can cause irritation and DNA mutations. Pleura covers both the chest cavity and the lungs, so irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms typically don't show until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

The most commonly reported symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Patients may also experience difficulty breathing, or chest tightness. Patients with this cancer have a history of disease that includes asbestos litigation exposure at work. Construction, manufacturing, and shipbuilding are the most common jobs which put people at risk chance of developing pleural mesothelioma. People who have worked in the military could be at a higher risk because of the extensive use of asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers used by the army.

The most popular staging system for pleural mesothelioma is the TNM (tumor, lymph nodes and metastases) staging system. The stage that the patient is in at the time of diagnosis will help determine what treatment plan they should receive. Patients suffering from pleural mesothelioma who is in stage three or four will suffer a more negative outlook than those in a less advanced stage. Stage four mesothelioma is often spread to the liver, diaphragm or even a person's heart. This makes the cancer more difficult to treat, and increase the chances of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Contrary to pleural cancer which is found in the lung's lining the peritoneal cancer is a result of a membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity, which includes organs such as the liver and intestines. Similar to pleural mesothelioma and peritoneal mesothelioma is caused by asbestos exposure. It is estimated that only 300-500 cases are diagnosed each year which is lower than the pleural asbestosis.

As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take years to manifest. Most patients experience abdominal pain and a mass in the abdomen. This mesothelioma type can cause nausea, weight loss and fever. Many of these symptoms could be mistaken for gastrointestinal problems and can lead to a false diagnosis.

Doctors can detect mesothelioma by examining the patient's medical history and conducting a physical exam. They can also use imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans and PET/CT scans to identify mesothelioma. These tests can detect tumors and other signs of cancer that aren't visible on X-rays.

The results of these tests allow doctors to diagnose mesothelioma, identify the stage and recommend treatment options. The stage is determined by the type of cell as well as whether the cancer has spread.

The most significant mesothelioma-related risk factor is exposure to asbestos. People who have worked in asbestos-related occupations, like plumbing or electrical work, or in manufacturing and construction are more likely to contract the disease. However, even if people aren't employed in these fields, they can still be exposed to asbestos lawyer through family members or through other sources. For this reason, anyone who believes they could be at risk should talk to a doctor. If they have a history of asbestos exposure, a mesothelioma specialist can assist them in learning more about their risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos exposure is the main mesothelioma risk factor, making up as much as 80 percent of cases. Exposure to asbestos can happen as a result of military service, work, or living with someone who used to work with asbestos. When exposed to asbestos, particles are able to be inhaled into lungs and abdomen. The particles cause irritation to the linings of the lungs, causing cancerous cells to grow in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma can take anywhere between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos.

Other risk factors include smoking, genetics, and the advancing age. People in their 40s or 50s are at greater risk of developing mesothelioma as compared to those younger or older. Mesothelioma can take between 20 and 60 years before it manifests cancer symptoms after the first exposure. It is also important to know that mesothelioma can develop in people who were exposed to asbestos but didn't engage directly with it. This is referred to as secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos, and it is just as harmful as direct exposure.

Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma as it damages the mesothelium. It also makes it more prone to. In addition, mesothelioma may be worsened by certain diseases like pneumonia and asbestosis. It is also important to know that mesothelioma is more common in males than females. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for a longer time and work with it. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who has worked with asbestos case, and to have asbestos litigation fibers on their clothing. Women tend to have less contact with asbestos and don't typically carry asbestos on their clothes.

Diagnosis

It is difficult to identify mesothelioma due to its symptoms being often similar to other diseases. This can result in patients being wrongly diagnosed.

The first step in identifying mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform a physical exam and take notes on the medical history of a patient including asbestos exposure. Doctors can also request an X-ray of the chest or CT scan to look for lumps and other abnormalities as well as evidence of previous Asbestos legal exposure like plaques on the pleura (thickened pleura with calcium deposits) and the formation of fluid between the lung and the chest wall (known as the pleural effusion).

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance scan, or MRI test, which makes use of radio waves and magnets to create a series of detailed images of the inside of the body. A surgical biopsy is another method for doctors to identify mesothelioma. In a surgical biopsy doctors remove a small piece of tissue from the pleura or peritoneum to conduct further tests. A pathologist is then able to look at the tissue under microscopes to determine if it is contaminated with cancerous cells.

Mesothelioma is classified according to the mesothelial type involved, whether the cells are benign or malignant and also the location, type, and stage of the cancer. Certain types of mesothelioma are more likely to grow or spread and spread, therefore it is essential to get a definite diagnosis so that doctors can treat the disease before it goes out of control.

Doctors can also perform laboratory tests on tumors to identify specific genes, proteins, or other factors which can aid in describing cancer characteristics and determine the best treatment. These results are known as staging.

Treatment

A mesothelioma diagnose can be terrifying. It is important to remember, however, that cancer can be treated especially at its early stages. Many people with mesothelioma live for years with the disease without it spreading to other areas of their body.

Asbestos exposure can trigger mesothelioma via a variety of mechanisms. Asbestos particles, which are too small to detect or feel with the naked eye, can be airborne and cause irritation to the lining of the lungs (pleura). In time the irritation causes the formation of scar tissues, which eventually lead to tumors.

The pleura is the area that surrounds the lungs and heart and also the abdomen. Mesothelium consists of cells that react when exposed to asbestos. They cause inflammation to the tissue and cause it to become scarred. These changes can lead to malignant mesothelioma tumours.

A shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or the accumulation of fluid on the lungs are all signs of pleural Msothelioma. In rare instances cancer can spread to the tissues that surround the reproductive organs and the heart.

A doctor will order biopsy if scans show the possibility of a mass in the lungs or stomach. During the procedure, doctors take small amounts of the fluid or tumor for laboratory analysis. The results can confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis and determine the best treatment option.

There are many types of treatment for mesothelioma, including surgery and chemotherapy. The majority of doctors employ the combination of these treatments. Participating in clinical trials for mesothelioma treatments that are new could be beneficial for patients. Patients can learn more about the trials by consulting a mesothelioma specialist who has treated the condition.